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		<title>Early Amazon: The first week</title>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:17:10 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[原文链接：http://glinden.blogspot.com/2006/01/early-amazon-first-week.html
 原文作者 Greg Linden 毕业于华盛顿大学计算机学院，1997 年加入 Amazon，领导开发了享誉业界的 Amazon 推荐引擎。
 著名的 Item-based 推荐算法的提出者之一；Findory.com 创始人。
 其 Blog &#8211; Geeking with Greg 是个性化推荐领域最有影响力的博客（没有之一）。 

 1997 年初的亚马逊公司，邋遢、混沌、但令人兴奋。

 亚马逊公司位于美国西雅图市，办公室在第二大道的哥伦比亚大厦里，这是一座砖体结构的建筑物，已经有些年头了，离派克市场不远。从办公室的窗户望出去感觉 还不错，有一个本地的美沙酮诊所，还有一个贩卖怪诞假发的商店。你甚至隐约可以看见一些脱衣舞俱乐部，它们就藏在几个街区远的地方。插播八卦：派克市场有一个著名的 Athenian 餐厅，传世经典爱情影片《西雅图夜未眠》中，汤大哥就是在这里泡梅甜心的。
 当然了，我现在还只是一个眨巴着大眼睛的刚刚研究生毕业的菜鸟，还不敢奢望有这样一个靠窗的工位。
 我的工位在厨房。在亚马逊公司，空间从来都是一种奢侈，那个时候自然也是这样。报到的那天，我被领到我的办公室——一张安装在厨房角落里的牌桌，上面放着一台 PC。
 在厨房办公还是着实有些乐趣的。在亚马逊，我几乎什么人都不认识，大多数同事都沉浸在无聊的窃窃私语之中。不过，他们倒经常会到离我不远的柜台上去取茶和咖啡。我弄了一个糖果瓶——嗯，免费的——尽力和他们搞关系，以求套出些什么来。
 我的第一项任务是开始学习代码库。打开一个 shell 窗口，调出 emacs，然后开始阅读代码。我花了一些天来跟踪针对不同 URL 的分发器，研究 ol&#8217; obidos ——一个用来支持 Amazon 网站运转的大型 CGI 程序——是怎样漂亮地处理不同的请求，主页，书籍详情页，搜索，购物车，以及订单流转。至今，大多数亚马逊 URL 里面还包含着“/exec/obidos”。插播八卦：不用为不知道 Obidos 为何物而犯囧，哥只是个传说。这里是正解。

这个系列其实我早就想动手翻译了，一直拖着到现在才终于开工。与此类似的，还有一个 Doug Edwards 和 Ron Garret 撰写的 Early [...]<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>原文链接：<a href="http://glinden.blogspot.com/2006/01/early-amazon-first-week.html" id="w4bh" target="_blank" title="Early Amazon: The first week">http://glinden.blogspot.com/2006/01/early-amazon-first-week.html</a></p>
<blockquote><p> 原文作者 Greg Linden 毕业于华盛顿大学计算机学院，1997 年加入 Amazon，领导开发了享誉业界的 Amazon 推荐引擎。<br />
 著名的 Item-based 推荐算法的提出者之一；Findory.com 创始人。<br />
 其 Blog &#8211; <a href="http://glinden.blogspot.com/" id="aaqq" title="Geeking with Greg">Geeking with Greg</a> 是个性化推荐领域最有影响力的博客（没有之一）。 </p></blockquote>
<p>
 1997 年初的亚马逊公司，邋遢、混沌、但令人兴奋。<br />
<img src="http://docs.google.com/File?id=ddjqwpms_532fxhwfbdt_b" style="float:right;height:358px;margin-left:1em;margin-right:0pt;width:308px"><br />
 亚马逊公司位于美国西雅图市，办公室在第二大道的哥伦比亚大厦里，这是一座砖体结构的建筑物，已经有些年头了，离派克市场不远。从办公室的窗户望出去感觉 还不错，有一个本地的美沙酮诊所，还有一个贩卖怪诞假发的商店。你甚至隐约可以看见一些脱衣舞俱乐部，它们就藏在几个街区远的地方。<i>插播八卦：派克市场有一个著名的 Athenian 餐厅，传世经典爱情影片《西雅图夜未眠》中，汤大哥就是在这里泡梅甜心的。</i></p>
<p> 当然了，我现在还只是一个眨巴着大眼睛的刚刚研究生毕业的菜鸟，还不敢奢望有这样一个靠窗的工位。</p>
<p> 我的工位在厨房。在亚马逊公司，空间从来都是一种奢侈，那个时候自然也是这样。报到的那天，我被领到我的办公室——一张安装在厨房角落里的牌桌，上面放着一台 PC。</p>
<p> 在厨房办公还是着实有些乐趣的。在亚马逊，我几乎什么人都不认识，大多数同事都沉浸在无聊的窃窃私语之中。不过，他们倒经常会到离我不远的柜台上去取茶和咖啡。我弄了一个糖果瓶——嗯，免费的——尽力和他们搞关系，以求套出些什么来。</p>
<p> 我的第一项任务是开始学习代码库。打开一个 shell 窗口，调出 emacs，然后开始阅读代码。我花了一些天来跟踪针对不同 URL 的分发器，研究 ol&#8217; obidos ——一个用来支持 Amazon 网站运转的大型 CGI 程序——是怎样漂亮地处理不同的请求，主页，书籍详情页，搜索，购物车，以及订单流转。至今，大多数亚马逊 URL 里面还包含着“/exec/obidos”。<i>插播八卦：不用为不知道 Obidos 为何物而犯囧，哥只是个<a href="http://discuss.fogcreek.com/joelonsoftware/default.asp?cmd=show&amp;ixPost=48202" id="d3:a" target="_blank" title="What Exactly Are Obidos?">传说</a>。这里是<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obidos_%28software%29" id="nwk3" target="_blank" title="正解">正解</a>。</i></p>
<hr />
这个系列其实我<a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/early_x.html" target="_blank">早</a>就想动手翻译了，一直拖着到现在才终于开工。与此类似的，还有一个 Doug Edwards 和 Ron Garret 撰写的 <a href="http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2005/11/xooglers.html" target="_blank">Early Google</a> 系列，不过不知道什么时候已经被删掉了，Google fans 们有兴趣的话可以刨刨看。</p>
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本文网址：<a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2010/early_amazon_1.html">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2010/early_amazon_1.html</a><br/>
tags: <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/tag/amazon" rel="tag">amazon</a> | <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2010/early_amazon_1.html#comments">参与讨论</a>
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		<description><![CDATA[非常令人高兴，我抛出了砖，引到了玉。Roger 早在 2007 年，就针对推荐系统与长尾的关系，发表了下面这篇精彩的文章。他的 blog 在 blogspot 上，由于众所周知的原因不太容易访问了。为了方便大家阅读，经 Roger 本人同意，转载在此。
我这里稍稍抱怨一下 Roger，不能总是拿 Daily Murmur 打发我们啊，下面这样的好文章实在应该多写一些啊。最后再说一句，Roger 的 twitter 帐号是 @imrchen。


推薦系統與長尾
原文作者：Roger
原文地址：http://blurkerlab.blogspot.com/2007/10/blog-post_12.html
我們已經談過推薦系統的架構和技術分類，接著我們來觀察推薦系統的目標和成果，是否如研究者或經營者所預期的那麼美好。推薦系統的研究在學界雖然不是紅得發紫，但是一直受到相當程度的關注， Netflix Prize 的話題一開，更受人注目。在如何建構一個「更好的」推薦系統這個題目上，過去產、學二界攜手的成果，是有目共睹的。
但是我們對於推薦系對銷售究竟有什麼影響，它是如何影響消費者的行為，是否真的達到原先建設推薦系統的目的，則是所知甚少，沒有足夠多的研究可以證實我們的觀點（不管這個觀點的內容是什麼）。
第一種觀點：推薦系統促成長尾
過去對於推薦系統成效，有兩種截然不同的看法，第一種觀點，可能也是目前較佔上風的觀點，認為推薦系統強化了長尾（Long Tail）的實現，讓銷售方和購買方都得到更多選擇與便利。比如說 The Long Tail 的作者，就直接了當在書中宣稱我們從資訊時代進入「推薦」時代─We are leaving the Information Age and entering the Recommendation Age（讀者可參考「長尾」在英國出版宣傳時作的 Exclusive Extract ，請看第 24 頁）。
這兒有一個學院派的例子，MIT Sloan Management Review 在2006年夏天出版了一篇由三位名校（MIT/Purdue/Carnegie Mellon）教授共同執筆的 From Niches to Riches: The Anatomy of the Long [...]<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" width="100%" style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>非常令人高兴，我<a title="长尾效应，有没有，有没有？" href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2009/longtail_netflix.html">抛出了砖</a>，引到了玉。<a title="Roger-漂流手記" href="http://blurkerlab.blogspot.com/">Roger</a> 早在 2007 年，就针对推荐系统与长尾的关系，发表了下面这篇精彩的文章。他的 blog 在 blogspot 上，由于众所周知的原因不太容易访问了。为了方便大家阅读，经 Roger 本人同意，转载在此。<br />
我这里稍稍抱怨一下 Roger，不能总是拿 Daily Murmur 打发我们啊，下面这样的好文章实在应该多写一些啊。最后再说一句，Roger 的 twitter 帐号是 <a title="@imrchen" href="http://twitter.com/imrchen">@imrchen</a>。</p>
<hr size="2">
<br />
<b>推薦系統與長尾<br />
</b>原文作者<b>：</b>Roger<br />
原文地址：<a title="Roger&#39;s Blog - Ramblings on Life and Lab: 推薦系統與長尾" href="http://blurkerlab.blogspot.com/2007/10/blog-post_12.html">http://blurkerlab.blogspot.com/2007/10/blog-post_12.html</a></p>
<p>我們已經談過推薦系統的<a href="http://blurkerlab.blogspot.com/2007/10/netflix-prize.html" title="從 Netlix Prize 滿周歲看推薦系統的數學模型">架構</a>和<a href="http://blurkerlab.blogspot.com/2007/10/blog-post_08.html" title="推薦系統的分類">技術分類</a>，接著我們來觀察推薦系統的目標和成果，是否如研究者或經營者所預期的那麼美好。推薦系統的研究在學界雖然不是紅得發紫，但是一直受到相當程度的關注， <a href="http://blurkerlab.blogspot.com/2007/06/netflix-recommender-prize.html" title="The unusual contest - Netflix Prize">Netflix Prize</a> 的話題一開，更受人注目。在如何建構一個「<b>更好的</b>」推薦系統這個題目上，過去產、學二界攜手的成果，是有目共睹的。</p>
<p>但是我們對於推薦系對銷售究竟有什麼影響，它是如何影響消費者的行為，是否真的達到原先建設推薦系統的目的，則是<span style="color:rgb(204, 0, 0)"><b>所知甚少</b></span>，沒有足夠多的研究可以證實我們的觀點（不管這個觀點的內容是什麼）。</p>
<p><b>第一種觀點：推薦系統促成長尾</b></p>
<p>過去對於推薦系統成效，有兩種截然不同的看法，第一種觀點，可能也是目前較佔上風的觀點，認為推薦系統強化了長尾（Long Tail）的實現，讓銷售方和購買方都得到更多選擇與便利。比如說 <a href="http://www.anobii.com/books/The_Long_Tail/9781401308605/018d825b5011f600cf/" title="網路書櫃 anobii 的書籍介紹">The Long Tail</a> 的作者，就直接了當在書中宣稱我們從資訊時代進入「推薦」時代─We are leaving the Information Age and entering the Recommendation Age（讀者可參考「長尾」在英國出版宣傳時作的 <a href="http://http//64.13.209.91/longtail/LongTail_exclusiveExtract.pdf">Exclusive Extract</a> ，請看第 24 頁）。</p>
<p>這兒有一個學院派的例子，MIT Sloan Management Review 在2006年夏天出版了一篇由三位名校（MIT/Purdue/Carnegie Mellon）教授共同執筆的 <a href="http://sloanreview.mit.edu/smr/issue/2006/summer/13/">From Niches to Riches: The Anatomy of the Long Tail </a>（下載<a href="http://www.heinz.cmu.edu/%7Emds/smr.pdf">PDF</a>）。在這篇文章裡，作者們肯定地說：</p>
<blockquote><p>Our<br />
research suggests that search tools can also be very effective in<br />
allowing consumers to discover and purchase products they otherwise<br />
would not have considered, <b>resulting in changes in sales distribution among a company&#8217;s products.</b></p></blockquote>
<p>作者群在另外一份<a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=953587" title="SSRN - Goodbye Pareto Principle, Hello Long Tail: The Effect of Search Costs on the Concentration of Product Sales">論文</a>（Goodbye<br />
Pareto Principle, Hello Long Tail: The Effect of Search Costs on the<br />
Concentration of Product<br />
Sales）裡表示，在他們的研究裡，經由網際網路通路購買產品的消費者，傾向於購買不暢銷或不是很有名的產品（他們用 obscure<br />
這個字眼）。換句話說，作者認為：<u>IT 科技（當然包括了推薦系統）促成了長尾的實現</u>。</p>
<blockquote><p>We<br />
find evidence that Internet purchases made by consumers with prior<br />
experience are more skewed toward obscure products, compared with<br />
consumers who have no such experience.</p></blockquote>
<p><b>第二種觀點：推薦系統錦上添花，結果是強者愈強</b></p>
<p>另外一種看法則和前一種觀點大相逕庭，第二種看法則認為推薦機制（和目前常見的各種行銷手段）只是強化原先銷售成績就出色的前段班產品，對於銷售多元化（diversity）一點幫助也沒有。我們來看個國內的例子：</p>
<p>十月初，<a href="http://b-oo-k.net/blog/">老貓學出版</a>發表的<a href="http://b-oo-k.net/blog/blog.php/2007/288">「好書會自動販賣時代」之消逝</a>一文，談到網路時代的行銷活動與長尾（Long Tail）的關係，顯然老貓認為網路不僅沒有促成長尾，反而讓強者愈強，銷售的模式的錦上添花而不是百花齊放（先說聲抱歉，引文有點長，粗體字和紅字是我加上去的，與原文無關）。&#8230;..</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8230;..<br />
新書區的替換率太快，促使出版社和書店必須做點什麼，以便幫助讀者過濾新書。<b>推薦機制</b>、特價、預購、首賣、獨家封面、落地陳列、贈品、活動、試讀本，所有異於正常發行的動作，都有助於爭取讀者的眼球，讓讀者在茫茫書海中先一步辨認出我的書來。<br />
&#8230;..<br />
過去我們以為網路世界可以為我們帶來可貴的<b>長尾</b>，現在事實證明，<b>網路加速了短頭的極端化</b>。<span style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0)">好賣的書，賣得比過去更好，而沒有行銷資源挹注的書種，賣得比過去更差</span>。（如果有人在博客來上班的話，請別誤會，我的描述並不帶評價，事實上我也不認為虛擬通路無差別地秀出每月兩千種新書的書單會有什麼好處。此外今天這個這個結果也是出版社和通路攜手製造出來的。</p></blockquote>
<p><b>最新的研究</b></p>
<p>線上推薦系統（online recommenders）比起傳統的暢銷排行榜（best-seller lists），的確是一大進步，對於銷售方和消費者都帶來非常大的便利和福祉，這是無庸置疑的。但是<b>推薦系統<span style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0)">是不是</span>真的能帶來銷售的多元化</b> (diversity)，目前並沒有足夠多的研究和討論來支持任何一方的論點。</p>
<p>最近兩位賓州大學<a href="http://www.wharton.upenn.edu/">華頓商學院</a>的學者（Daniel M. Fleder and <a href="http://opim.wharton.upenn.edu/%7Ekartikh/">Kartik Kosenagar</a>）針對上文所描述的爭論，發表了相關的<a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=955984" title="Blockbuster Culture&#39;s Next Rise or Fall: The Impact of Recommender Systems on Sales Diversity">研究</a>，兩位作者認為這篇論文是第一個嘗試調和不同論點的研究，論文有<a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=955984" title="Blockbuster Culture&#39;s Next Rise or Fall: The Impact of Recommender Systems on Sales Diversity">長</a>、<a href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1250910.1250939" title="">短</a>兩個版本可以下載，個人認為華頓的線上刊物 <a href="http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/">Knowledge@Wharton</a> 對於這個研究的介紹 ─  <a href="http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1818&amp;jsessionid=9a30a2ff46b674337664">&#8216;Reinforcing the Blockbuster Nature of Media&#8217;: The Impact of Online Recommenders</a> 最具參考價值，文章精簡，說明不失深度，而且可以下載 <a href="http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/templates/images/download_audio.gif">Podcast</a> 慢慢聽。Read/Write Web 對這篇論文的<a href="http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/recommendation_longtail.php" title="Are Recommendation Engines a Threat to the Long Tail?">報導</a>，也值得一讀，這篇報導的讀者回應相當精采，如果時間允許，也不妨看看（Yes, I know. 人一天只有24小時）。</p>
<p>從 <u><b>Reinforcing</b> the Blockuster Nature</u> 的標題，我們可以想見，這個研究認為，推薦系統的確會讓原本的暢銷產品銷售益發興旺，不是豪無保留的認為<b>推薦系統與長尾</b>應該劃上等號的。這篇論文的焦點，是推薦系統與銷售多元發散（diversity才能促成長尾）間的關係，主要觀點如下：</p>
<ul>
<li>有些推薦系統，的確會產生<b> rich-get-richer </b>的現象，使得銷售品項和數量集中，而非多元發展。 </li>
<li>作者強調縱然個別消費者可能透過推薦系統發掘他們原本不熟悉的產品，但是所有消費者加總（aggregate）的結果，是降低而非增加銷售的多方發展。I </li>
<li>推薦系統的設計會影響結果，有些推薦系統會造成長尾效果，有些則會得到相反結果，所以公司的經理人應該考慮自身需求來決定設計的方向。
</li>
</ul>
<p><b>不同的聲音</b></p>
<p>推薦系統研究的開路先鋒 <a href="http://www.si.umich.edu/%7Epresnick/">Paul Resnick</a> 教授， 在部落格<a href="http://presnick.livejournal.com/17768.html">評論</a>上面所提到的研究時，認為 discovery 和 reinforcement 是推薦系統最重要的兩個目的。</p>
<blockquote><p>There are actually two effects that we should expect from recommenders. One is <u>discovery-</u>-<br />
once one person discovers an item, some other people with similar<br />
tastes who would not have found that item do find it. The other is <u>reinforcement</u>&#8211; an item that many people have sampled will be more likely to get recommended.</p></blockquote>
<p>華頓的學者在寫作論文時，和著名的部落客（博客）<a href="http://glinden.blogspot.com/2007/10/recommender-systems-and-diversity.html" title="Recommender systems and diversity">Greg Linden</a> ─ 他在1997-2002 間是 <a href="http://www.amazon.com/">Amazon</a> 員工，負責開發推薦系統 ─ 以電子郵件交換意見。Greg 認為，如果沒有線上推薦系統，消費者只能使用更粗糙的、傳統模式的暢銷排行榜名單來尋找產品，這種情況更加降低銷售的多元化，不可能促成長尾。同時他還表達，推薦系統可藉著調整演算法達到長尾的目的 ─ <span style="color:rgb(204, 0, 0)">Recommendation algorithms easily can be tuned to favor the back catalog &#8212; the long tail &#8212; as Netflix does.</span>。</p>
<p><b>這還不是結論</b></p>
<p>Daniel M. Fleder and <a href="http://opim.wharton.upenn.edu/%7Ekartikh/">Kartik Kosenagar</a> 在文中建構的簡單（two-item, two-player, two-urn model ）模型，是否真的足以完整、正確的模擬消費者行為，還是個開放命題。所以這個方向的研究，絕對不是劃上句點，而是才剛開始而已。</p>
<p>從台灣的觀點來看，本地的網際網路產業，還沒有出現一個品質和 Amazon 、Netflix 比肩的推薦系統，若是真的要討論推薦系統對消費行為的影響，恐怕產生不了足夠堅實的論證，要談本土觀點，恐怕還嫌早了點（sigh）。</p>
<p><b>延伸閱讀：<br />
</b></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://blurkerlab.blogspot.com/2007/06/netflix-recommender-prize.html">Netflix Recommender Prize</a> （介紹  Netflix contest）</li>
<li><a href="http://blurkerlab.blogspot.com/2007/10/netflix-prize.html">Netflix 滿週年了</a>（推薦系統的理論模型）</li>
<li><a href="http://blurkerlab.blogspot.com/2007/10/blog-post_08.html">推薦系統的分類</a>
</li>
<li><a href="http://www.netflixprize.com//leaderboard">Netflix Prize 排行榜</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/recommendation_longtail.php">Are Recommendation Engines a Threat to the Long Tail?</a></li>
<li><a href="http://glinden.blogspot.com/2007/10/recommender-systems-and-diversity.html">Recommender system and diversity</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.buzzmachine.com/2007/10/09/recommending-the-tail">Recommending the tail</a></li>
</ul>
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		<title>这是最好的年代，这是最坏的年代！</title>
		<link>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/acknowledgement_of_a_phd.html</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 2007 05:02:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>guwendong</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[这篇文章是转载的，写的好坏我无力做评判。但看完后，我产生了一种难以抑制的冲动——“站起来，拉开窗帘，打开窗户”。题目是我自己加的，它第一时间闯进了我的脑袋。 
 发信人: forthelove (无情), 信区: PhD 标  题: 一个博士的论文致谢词 发信站: 水木社区 (Sat Apr 28 16:16:54 2007), 站内
 我出生的时候是一个下雪的深夜，我的父亲在床边生了一堆柴火，我的母亲躺在四周漏风的那间破屋角落的床上，咬紧牙关，生下了我。27年后，也是在一个下雪 的深夜，我完成了我的博士论文。当我打完最后一个字的时候，我站起来，拉开窗帘，打开窗户，白天还吵吵闹闹、喧嚣的世界变成一片洁白，让人顿感清净。     我从进入大学到博士毕业整整十年。在这十年中，我过得浑浑愕额。十年前，我身高170cm，十年后，我身高还是170cm；十年前，我体重60kg，十年 后，我体重还是60kg；十年前，我一无所有，十年后，我还是一无所有。十年前，我眼睛明亮、有神，十年后，摘掉眼镜，我已看不清自己有多少个手指了；十 年前，我声音洪亮、清澈，十年后，已经是慢性咽喉炎，声音嘶哑；十年前，我踌躇满志、指点江山、激扬文字，十年后，我心如止水，只求温饱；当然，我也得到 了一些东西。十年前，我还是个农民的儿子，十年后，我成为了一个博士；十年前，我只懂得砍柴、种田、割草、放牛，十年后，我已经成为了一个懂机械、金融、 管理的复合型人才；但如果您问我这十年最大的长进是什么，我将告诉您：十年前，我十七，十年后，我二十七。     这十年中，我最渴望、最 追求的是什么？是知识？不是。是美女？不是。而是钱。在我的脑海里，钱就是那种一块、一毛的硬币，我曾无数次翻天覆地的把它们找出来，目的就是去买一包方 便面，吃一顿晚餐，而且找的时候不能太仔细了，太仔细了，下次就没有了。有时候，当我不知道下顿饭在哪里的时候，我想要是天上能掉下点钱就好了，我抬起 头，只看到发黄的树叶正一片一片的落下来；我想要是能在地上捡点钱就好了，我低下头，只看见一些面包的包装纸以及一些插羊肉串的竹签。我从没见过天上掉过 钱，也从没在地上捡过钱，所以我不相信有神的存在，因此我没有信仰。     衷心感谢我的恩师对我的淳淳教诲和悉心关怀，在我博士三年里， 他给予了我生活上、学习上无微不至的关心。他也许是我十年大学生活里，唯一知道我名字的老师，也感谢他在承担100多个学生的指导任务下还能给我精心的指 导。恩师对我的指导和影响之大，怎样言说都表达不尽，自己取得的点滴成绩无不凝聚着恩师的心血。恩师国际化的视野，前沿而精髓的学术造诣，严谨勤奋的治学 风格，都让我永志不忘，深刻影响着我日后的工作和生活。     衷心感谢学院其他老师给予我的帮助。   衷心感谢各位同门师兄弟姐妹，感谢我们一起度过的苦难岁月。   衷心感谢我年迈的父母，我在这十年之中不忠不孝，没有让他们过上一天幸福的生活。他们还不停的支持我，关心我，鼓励我。经常问我“缺钱吗？”所以我相信亲情。我从不要他们的钱，我不想看到一百块钱，就想起几百个鸡蛋，几百担猪草，几千个红砖。   衷心感谢我的五个姐姐，是她们陪我度过快乐的童年。她们美丽纯真的少女时代唤起了我对异性的尊重与渴求。她们在我求学的十年中，不停的给我打电话，询问我的 身体，生活，要我多吃点，给我寄钱，我也一直拒绝她们。这十年里，她们在广东的毛织厂、制衣厂过着非人的岁月。我不想看到那种用血、肉、生命、青春换来的 东西。十年前，她们还是花一般的容颜，十年后，当她们出现在我的面前，我已经不相信她们就是我的姐姐了。     最后，我要感谢与我相茹以沫的女友×××博士，我们以总共不到600元的月收入，在上海和杭州这两个中国最发达的城市生活了5年。这5年里，我没有给她买 过像样的礼物，而她却无数次在我青黄不接的日子里给我寄来她省吃俭用的钱，我才得以完成学业，所以我相信爱情。我无法明白她以275元的月收入，居然还可 [...]<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" width="100%" style="clear: both;">
    
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</table>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>这篇文章是转载的，写的好坏我无力做评判。但看完后，我产生了一种难以抑制的冲动——“站起来，拉开窗帘，打开窗户”。题目是我自己加的，它第一时间闯进了我的脑袋。<br /> <br />
<hr /> 发信人: forthelove (无情), 信区: PhD<br /> 标  题: 一个博士的论文致谢词<br /> 发信站: 水木社区 (Sat Apr 28 16:16:54 2007), 站内</p>
<p> 我出生的时候是一个下雪的深夜，我的父亲在床边生了一堆柴火，我的母亲躺在四周漏风的那间破屋角落的床上，咬紧牙关，生下了我。27年后，也是在一个下雪 的深夜，我完成了我的博士论文。当我打完最后一个字的时候，我站起来，拉开窗帘，打开窗户，白天还吵吵闹闹、喧嚣的世界变成一片洁白，让人顿感清净。  <br />  <br /> 我从进入大学到博士毕业整整十年。在这十年中，我过得浑浑愕额。十年前，我身高170cm，十年后，我身高还是170cm；十年前，我体重60kg，十年 后，我体重还是60kg；十年前，我一无所有，十年后，我还是一无所有。十年前，我眼睛明亮、有神，十年后，摘掉眼镜，我已看不清自己有多少个手指了；十 年前，我声音洪亮、清澈，十年后，已经是慢性咽喉炎，声音嘶哑；十年前，我踌躇满志、指点江山、激扬文字，十年后，我心如止水，只求温饱；当然，我也得到 了一些东西。十年前，我还是个农民的儿子，十年后，我成为了一个博士；十年前，我只懂得砍柴、种田、割草、放牛，十年后，我已经成为了一个懂机械、金融、 管理的复合型人才；但如果您问我这十年最大的长进是什么，我将告诉您：十年前，我十七，十年后，我二十七。  <br />  <br /> 这十年中，我最渴望、最 追求的是什么？是知识？不是。是美女？不是。而是钱。在我的脑海里，钱就是那种一块、一毛的硬币，我曾无数次翻天覆地的把它们找出来，目的就是去买一包方 便面，吃一顿晚餐，而且找的时候不能太仔细了，太仔细了，下次就没有了。有时候，当我不知道下顿饭在哪里的时候，我想要是天上能掉下点钱就好了，我抬起 头，只看到发黄的树叶正一片一片的落下来；我想要是能在地上捡点钱就好了，我低下头，只看见一些面包的包装纸以及一些插羊肉串的竹签。我从没见过天上掉过 钱，也从没在地上捡过钱，所以我不相信有神的存在，因此我没有信仰。  <br />  <br /> 衷心感谢我的恩师对我的淳淳教诲和悉心关怀，在我博士三年里， 他给予了我生活上、学习上无微不至的关心。他也许是我十年大学生活里，唯一知道我名字的老师，也感谢他在承担100多个学生的指导任务下还能给我精心的指 导。恩师对我的指导和影响之大，怎样言说都表达不尽，自己取得的点滴成绩无不凝聚着恩师的心血。恩师国际化的视野，前沿而精髓的学术造诣，严谨勤奋的治学 风格，都让我永志不忘，深刻影响着我日后的工作和生活。  <br />  <br /> 衷心感谢学院其他老师给予我的帮助。  <br /> 衷心感谢各位同门师兄弟姐妹，感谢我们一起度过的苦难岁月。  <br /> 衷心感谢我年迈的父母，我在这十年之中不忠不孝，没有让他们过上一天幸福的生活。他们还不停的支持我，关心我，鼓励我。经常问我“缺钱吗？”所以我相信亲情。我从不要他们的钱，我不想看到一百块钱，就想起几百个鸡蛋，几百担猪草，几千个红砖。  <br /> 衷心感谢我的五个姐姐，是她们陪我度过快乐的童年。她们美丽纯真的少女时代唤起了我对异性的尊重与渴求。她们在我求学的十年中，不停的给我打电话，询问我的 身体，生活，要我多吃点，给我寄钱，我也一直拒绝她们。这十年里，她们在广东的毛织厂、制衣厂过着非人的岁月。我不想看到那种用血、肉、生命、青春换来的 东西。十年前，她们还是花一般的容颜，十年后，当她们出现在我的面前，我已经不相信她们就是我的姐姐了。  <br />  <br /> 最后，我要感谢与我相茹以沫的女友×××博士，我们以总共不到600元的月收入，在上海和杭州这两个中国最发达的城市生活了5年。这5年里，我没有给她买 过像样的礼物，而她却无数次在我青黄不接的日子里给我寄来她省吃俭用的钱，我才得以完成学业，所以我相信爱情。我无法明白她以275元的月收入，居然还可 以救济我，或许她那纤细、苗条的身材就是最好的答案吧。  <br />  <br /> 谨以此文献给千千万万的苦难中的学子！</p>
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		<title>Google 吴军：数学之美系列</title>
		<link>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/the_beautiful_math.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/the_beautiful_math.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 16 Aug 2007 22:45:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>guwendong</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[好文收藏]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[algorithm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[google]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/the_beautiful_math.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[目前看来，谷歌给我带来的最大价值，就是研究员吴军的两个系列文章：《数学之美》和《浪潮之巅》。因此，我把这两个系列整理一下，保持更新。
来源：google china blog作者：吴军，http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~junwu/。
数学之美 一 统计语言模型数学之美 二 谈谈中文分词数学之美 三 隐含马尔可夫模型在语言处理中的应用数学之美 四 怎样度量信息?数学之美 五 简单之美：布尔代数和搜索引擎的索引数学之美 六 图论和网络爬虫 (Web Crawlers)数学之美 七 信息论在信息处理中的应用数学之美 八 贾里尼克的故事和现代语言处理数学之美 九 如何确定网页和查询的相关性数学之美 十 有限状态机和地址识别数学之美 十一 Google 阿卡 47 的制造者阿米特.辛格博士数学之美 十二 余弦定理和新闻的分类数学之美 十三 信息指纹及其应用数学之美 十四 谈谈数学模型的重要性数学之美 十五 繁与简 自然语言处理的几位精英数学之美 十六（上）不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里 最大熵模型数学之美 十六（下）不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里 最大熵模型数学之美 十七 闪光的不一定是金子 谈谈搜索引擎作弊问题(Search Engine Anti-SPAM)数学之美 十八 矩阵运算和文本处理中的分类问题数学之美 十九 马尔可夫链的扩展 贝叶斯网络 (Bayesian Networks)数学之美 [...]<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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                <font size="-1" color="#bbbbbb" style="display: block !important; font-family: arial !important; padding: 5px 0 !important; font-size: 12px !important; color: #bbb !important;">无觅</font>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>目前看来，谷歌给我带来的最大价值，就是研究员吴军的两个系列文章：《数学之美》和《浪潮之巅》。因此，我把这两个系列整理一下，保持更新。</p>
<p>来源：<a href="http://googlechinablog.com" title="google china blog">google china blog</a><br />作者：吴军，<a href="http://www.cs.jhu.edu/%7Ejunwu/" title="http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~junwu/">http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~junwu/</a>。</p>
<p><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/04/blog-post.html">数学之美 一 统计语言模型</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/04/blog-post_10.html">数学之美 二 谈谈中文分词</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/04/blog-post_17.html">数学之美 三 隐含马尔可夫模型在语言处理中的应用</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/04/4.html">数学之美 四 怎样度量信息?</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/05/blog-post_10.html">数学之美 五 简单之美：布尔代数和搜索引擎的索引</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/05/web-crawlers.html">数学之美 六 图论和网络爬虫 (Web Crawlers)</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/05/blog-post_25.html">数学之美 七 信息论在信息处理中的应用</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/06/blog-post_08.html">数学之美 八 贾里尼克的故事和现代语言处理</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/06/blog-post_27.html" title="数学之美 九 如何确定网页和查询的相关性">数学之美 九 如何确定网页和查询的相关性</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/07/blog-post.html" title="数学之美 十 有限状态机和地址识别">数学之美 十 有限状态机和地址识别</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/07/google-47.html" title="数学之美 十一 Google 阿卡 47 的制造者阿米特.辛格博士">数学之美 十一 Google 阿卡 47 的制造者阿米特.辛格博士</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/07/12.html" title="数学之美 十二 余弦定理和新闻的分类">数学之美 十二 余弦定理和新闻的分类</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/08/blog-post.html" title="数学之美 十三 信息指纹及其应用">数学之美 十三 信息指纹及其应用</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/08/blog-post_09.html" title="数学之美 十四 谈谈数学模型的重要性">数学之美 十四 谈谈数学模型的重要性</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/08/blog-post_115634657041368311.html" title="数学之美 十五 繁与简 自然语言处理的几位精英">数学之美 十五 繁与简 自然语言处理的几位精英</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/10/blog-post.html" title="数学之美 十六（上）不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里 最大熵模型">数学之美 十六（上）不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里 最大熵模型</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/11/blog-post.html" title="数学之美 十六（下）不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里 最大熵模型">数学之美 十六（下）不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里 最大熵模型</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2006/11/search-engine-anti-spam.html" title="数学之美 十七 闪光的不一定是金子 谈谈搜索引擎作弊问题(Search Engine Anti-SPAM)">数学之美 十七 闪光的不一定是金子 谈谈搜索引擎作弊问题(Search Engine Anti-SPAM)</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2007/01/blog-post.html" title="数学之美 十八 矩阵运算和文本处理中的分类问题">数学之美 十八 矩阵运算和文本处理中的分类问题</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2007/01/bayesian-networks.html" title="数学之美 十九 马尔可夫链的扩展 贝叶斯网络 (Bayesian Networks)">数学之美 十九 马尔可夫链的扩展 贝叶斯网络 (Bayesian Networks)</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2007/04/blog-post_13.html" title="数学之美 二十 自然语言处理的教父 马库斯">数学之美 二十 自然语言处理的教父 马库斯</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2007/07/bloom-filter.html" title="数学之美 二十一 布隆过滤器（Bloom Filter）">数学之美 二十一 布隆过滤器（Bloom Filter）</a><br /><a href="http://googlechinablog.com/2007/09/blog-post_13.html" title="数学之美系列二十二 由电视剧《暗算》所想到的 — 谈谈密码学的数学原理">数学之美 二十二  由电视剧《暗算》所想到的 — 谈谈密码学的数学原理</a></p>
<p>还有一点感谢谷歌，就是这个改自黑板报的主题。^_^</p>
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<small>© guwendong for <a href="http://www.guwendong.com">Beyond Search</a>, 2007.<br/>
本文网址：<a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/the_beautiful_math.html">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/the_beautiful_math.html</a><br/>
tags: <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/tag/algorithm" rel="tag">algorithm</a>, <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/tag/google" rel="tag">google</a> | <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/the_beautiful_math.html#comments">参与讨论</a>
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		<item>
		<title>ubuntu 7.04 + Dell D630 磨难记</title>
		<link>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/ubuntu_on_dell630.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/ubuntu_on_dell630.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Jul 2007 19:04:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>guwendong</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[好文收藏]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ubuntu]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/ubuntu_on_dell630.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[最近新换了一个 Dell D630 的本子，同时把工作平台转移到 Linux 下。Ubuntu 7.04 自然是 Linux Desktop 的首选了（别的我也不知道，哈哈）。可没想到的是，这是个历经磨难的过程，因为这哥俩儿目前还配合不好。具体我就不说了，有需要的可以看这个帖子，该出的问题我都出了。Latitude D630 with Feisty， http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=481651。
另外记录下我的 Firefox Add-ons，在这里统一管理好链接，以后就不用去 Firefox 网站上一个一个的查了。

     Google Browser Sync:     http://www.google.com/tools/firefox/browsersync/；   
     Download Statusbar:      https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/26；   
     del.icio.us Bookmarks:  [...]<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>最近新换了一个 Dell D630 的本子，同时把工作平台转移到 Linux 下。Ubuntu 7.04 自然是 Linux Desktop 的首选了（别的我也不知道，哈哈）。可没想到的是，这是个历经磨难的过程，因为这哥俩儿目前还配合不好。具体我就不说了，有需要的可以看这个帖子，该出的问题我都出了。<br />Latitude D630 with Feisty， <a title="http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=481651" href="http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=481651">http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=481651</a>。</p>
<p>另外记录下我的 Firefox Add-ons，在这里统一管理好链接，以后就不用去 Firefox 网站上一个一个的查了。
<ol>
<li>     Google Browser Sync:     <a title="http://www.google.com/tools/firefox/browsersync/" href="http://www.google.com/tools/firefox/browsersync/">http://www.google.com/tools/firefox/browsersync/</a>；   </li>
<li>     Download Statusbar:      <a title="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/26" href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/26">https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/26</a>；   </li>
<li>     del.icio.us Bookmarks:     <a title="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/3615" href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/3615">https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/3615</a>；   </li>
<li>     Flashgot:     <a title="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/220" href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/220">https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/220</a>；   </li>
<li>     StumbleUpon:     <a title="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/138" href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/138">https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/138</a>；   </li>
<li>     IETab:     <a title="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1419" href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1419">https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1419</a>     ，不过只能在 Windows 平台下用；   </li>
<li>     Clipmarks:     <a title="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1407" href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1407">https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1407</a>；   </li>
<li>     CHM Reader:     <a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/3235">https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/3235</a>，Linux     平台下使用；   </li>
<li>     BlogRovr:     <a title="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/4689" href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/4689">https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/4689</a>，试用中。   </li>
</ol>
<p></p>
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<small>© guwendong for <a href="http://www.guwendong.com">Beyond Search</a>, 2007.<br/>
本文网址：<a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/ubuntu_on_dell630.html">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/ubuntu_on_dell630.html</a><br/>
tags: <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/tag/ubuntu" rel="tag">ubuntu</a> | <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/ubuntu_on_dell630.html#comments">参与讨论</a>
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		<item>
		<title>必须学会的十件事情</title>
		<link>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/must_ten_things.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/must_ten_things.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Jan 2007 02:20:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>guwendong</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[好文收藏]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[startup]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/must_ten_things.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[原文在这里：Half an Hour: Things You Really Need to Learn
原文里说的是“在校园里”确实需要学会的十件事情，但看完后我觉得同样适用于校园外——尤其是从国内校园里走出来的我们！我把标题部分按照自己的理解翻译了一下，详细的内容见原文。

How to predict consequences，如何预测结果。
How to read，如何阅读。
How to distinguish truth from fiction，如何思考，只要应是“如何辨明真假”，但个人觉得文中强调的更是辨明真假——即思考。
How to empathize，如何换位思考。
How to be creative，如何拥有创造力。
How to communicate clearly，如何明白无误地交流。
How to learn，如何学习。
How to stay healthy，如何保持健康！
How to value yourself，如何秀自己，如何表现自己的价值。
How to live meaningfully，如何有意义地生活。

对我来讲，最需要学习的是：How to predict consequences；How to value myself。你呢？

© guwendong for Beyond Search, 2007.
本文网址：http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/must_ten_things.html
tags: startup &#124; 参与讨论
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>原文在这里：<a href="http://halfanhour.blogspot.com/2006/08/things-you-really-need-to-learn.html">Half an Hour: Things You Really Need to Learn</a></p>
<p>原文里说的是“在校园里”确实需要学会的十件事情，但看完后我觉得同样适用于校园外——尤其是从国内校园里走出来的我们！我把标题部分按照自己的理解翻译了一下，详细的内容见原文。</p>
<ol>
<li>How to predict consequences，如何预测结果。</li>
<li>How to read，如何阅读。</li>
<li>How to distinguish truth from fiction，如何思考，只要应是“如何辨明真假”，但个人觉得文中强调的更是辨明真假——即思考。</li>
<li>How to empathize，如何换位思考。</li>
<li>How to be creative，如何拥有创造力。</li>
<li>How to communicate clearly，如何明白无误地交流。</li>
<li>How to learn，如何学习。</li>
<li>How to stay healthy，如何保持健康！</li>
<li>How to value yourself，如何秀自己，如何表现自己的价值。</li>
<li>How to live meaningfully，如何有意义地生活。</li>
</ol>
<p>对我来讲，最需要学习的是：How to predict consequences；How to value myself。你呢？</p>
<hr id="rss-footer" />
<small>© guwendong for <a href="http://www.guwendong.com">Beyond Search</a>, 2007.<br/>
本文网址：<a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/must_ten_things.html">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/must_ten_things.html</a><br/>
tags: <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/tag/startup" rel="tag">startup</a> | <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2007/must_ten_things.html#comments">参与讨论</a>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>转载：Manual vs. automated tagging</title>
		<link>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/manual_auto_tag.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/manual_auto_tag.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Nov 2006 19:26:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>guwendong</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[好文收藏]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tag]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/manual_auto_tag.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Tag 的使用确实有点儿泛滥了！最早的搜索引擎，就是基于 Tag 展开搜索的，只不过那时候的 Tag 指的是 HTML 的 meta 标签，这已经被证明是不成功的。现在在 Web2.0 下，Tag 已经成为每个应用必不可少的 feature，我们到底应该如何有效地使用 Tag 呢，这篇文章以批评的视角对 Tag 的使用做了一些分析，值得认真阅读！
以下是转载内容，原文在这里，http://glinden.blogspot.com/2006/02/manual-vs-automated-tagging.html。
Rich Skrenta of Topix.net posted a good critique of manual tagging of documents:
Tags aren’t a panacea, since they’re excessively vulnerable to spam, and the items which should belong to the same categories will get different tags from different [...]<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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                    <a target="_blank" title="UE学习笔记：Tag Tag" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?ur]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Tag 的使用确实有点儿泛滥了！最早的搜索引擎，就是基于 Tag 展开搜索的，只不过那时候的 Tag 指的是 HTML 的 meta 标签，这已经被证明是不成功的。现在在 Web2.0 下，Tag 已经成为每个应用必不可少的 feature，我们到底应该如何有效地使用 Tag 呢，这篇文章以批评的视角对 Tag 的使用做了一些分析，值得认真阅读！</p>
<p>以下是转载内容，原文在这里，<a href="http://glinden.blogspot.com/2006/02/manual-vs-automated-tagging.html">http://glinden.blogspot.com/2006/02/manual-vs-automated-tagging.html</a>。</p>
<p>Rich Skrenta of <a href="http://topix.net/">Topix.net</a> posted a <a href="http://blog.topix.net/archives/000100.html">good critique</a> of manual tagging of documents:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>Tags aren’t a panacea, since they’re excessively vulnerable to spam, and the items which should belong to the same categories will get different tags from different users. Which is it, “topixnet”? or “topix”?</em></p>
<p>They’re uniquely valuable in a system like Flickr since photos don’t have any text of their own to keyword search, so getting the user to add any searchable text at all is a big win. You can ask users to caption their photos but often putting just a word or two is easier so the participation level is higher.</p>
<p>But if you have the full text of the web, or blogosphere, or whatever, the marginal utility of the “keywords” tag on the document seems to be rather low. To deal with spam and relevance issues, the search interface for a large collection needs to be appropriately skeptical about what documents are claiming to be about.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>This reminds me of what Danny Sullivan <a href="http://blog.searchenginewatch.com/blog/050322-163753">said</a> about manually tagging documents:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>All the interest (dare I say hype) is largely ignoring the fact that we’ve had tagging on the web for going on 10 years, and the experience on the search side is that it can’t be trusted.</em></p>
<p>The meta keywords tag has been around for nearly a decade. The idea behind it in part was that people could use the tag to classify what their pages are about.</p>
<p>The data is largely useless … Thinking that tagging would lead to top rankings, some people misused the tag. Other people didn’t misuse the tag intentionally, but they might poorly describe their pages.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>And later went on to <a href="http://blog.searchenginewatch.com/blog/050414-112521">say</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>Wide-open tagging, where anyone can get their pages to the top of a list just by labeling it so, is going to be a giant spam magnet.</em></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Stephen Green at Sun <a href="http://blogs.sun.com/roller/page/searchguy/20050513#tags_keywords_and_inconsistency">summarizes</a> it well:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>[Tagging is] not really a new way of indexing documents, it’s actually an old way that didn’t work very well.</em></p>
</blockquote>
<p>The real test of manual tagging of documents will be when these tagging tools become large enough to drive substantial traffic to websites.</p>
<p>Right now, these tools mostly are used by early adopters. This small, dedicated, loyal audience tends to behave well because there is little incentive to do otherwise.</p>
<p>If the tools become more popular, the incentive to manipulate them will increase. The community-generated tags will become less and less reliable as spammers enter seeking traffic and profit.</p>
<p>This will be the real challenge to manual document tagging. It remains to be seen whether the wisdom of the crowd can prevail over the deceptions of the scammers.</p>
<hr id="rss-footer" />
<small>© guwendong for <a href="http://www.guwendong.com">Beyond Search</a>, 2006.<br/>
本文网址：<a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/manual_auto_tag.html">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/manual_auto_tag.html</a><br/>
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		<title>转载：RSS readers are dead, long live RSS readers</title>
		<link>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/rss_reader_dead.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/rss_reader_dead.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Nov 2006 00:08:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>guwendong</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[好文收藏]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rss]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/rss_reader_dead.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[转载自：http://glinden.blogspot.com/2006/10/rss-readers-are-dead-long-live-rss.html。
Richard MacManus notes the shutdown of Pluck’s feed reader and says:
Microsoft is integrating RSS into Outlook next year, Google will probably have Gmail integration soon, and Yahoo has MyYahoo and Yahoo Mail for feeds.
Consumer RSS Readers are rapidly becoming commodities and will soon be next to worthless … Bloglines and Rojo both got out while [...]<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>转载自：<a href="http://glinden.blogspot.com/2006/10/rss-readers-are-dead-long-live-rss.html">http://glinden.blogspot.com/2006/10/rss-readers-are-dead-long-live-rss.html</a>。</em></p>
<p>Richard MacManus notes the shutdown of Pluck’s feed reader and <a href="http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/pluck_rss_reader_shuts_down.php">says</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>Microsoft is integrating RSS into Outlook next year, Google will probably have Gmail integration soon, and Yahoo has MyYahoo and Yahoo Mail for feeds.</em></p>
<p>Consumer RSS Readers are rapidly becoming commodities and will soon be next to worthless … Bloglines and Rojo both got out while the going was still good, via acquisitions.</p>
<p>Consumer RSS Readers are a dead market now.</p>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>This day has long been predicted by many including me.  Back in Sept 2004, I <a href="http://glinden.blogspot.com/2004/09/bloglines-and-feed-readers.html">said</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>RSS is already integrated into Firefox and probably will soon be in Safari, IE, and Mozilla. My Yahoo already has a web-based feed reader in beta; Google and MSN may follow soon.</em></p>
<p>Will independent feed readers survive the entry of these giants?</p>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>But all is not lost.  As I said in my earlier post, “<a href="http://glinden.blogspot.com/2006/01/rss-sucks-and-information-overload.html">RSS sucks and information overload</a>“, there is hope for those that do more than current generation of feed readers:</p>
<blockquote><p><em>The problem is that the current generation of feed readers merely reformat RSS for display. They don’t do anything else, no prioritization, no filtering, no help dealing with the flood of information.</em></p>
<p>The problem [should be] scaling attention. Readers have limited time. They don’t want information. They want knowledge. Our job is to help them, to help them focus, prioritize, and find what they need.</p>
<p>Next-generation feed readers should help people find knowledge. Cut through the undifferentiated glut of information and find focus. Cut through the noise and discover knowledge.</p>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>See also my previous posts, “<a href="http://glinden.blogspot.com/2005/01/getting-your-grandmother-to-use-rss.html">Getting your grandmother to use RSS</a>” and “<a href="http://glinden.blogspot.com/2005/03/relevance-rank-for-news-and-weblogs.html">A relevance rank for news and weblogs</a>“.</p>
<hr id="rss-footer" />
<small>© guwendong for <a href="http://www.guwendong.com">Beyond Search</a>, 2006.<br/>
本文网址：<a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/rss_reader_dead.html">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/rss_reader_dead.html</a><br/>
tags: <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/tag/rss" rel="tag">rss</a> | <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/rss_reader_dead.html#comments">参与讨论</a>
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