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	<title>Beyond Search &#187; reddit</title>
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		<title>Social Media Algorithm: Reddit</title>
		<link>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2008/social_media_algorithm_reddit.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2008/social_media_algorithm_reddit.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Dec 2008 05:15:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>guwendong</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[技术研究]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reddit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[social]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2008/social_media_algorithm_reddit.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[毫无疑问，互联网媒体的未来是属于 social media 的。
 群体智慧，是 social media 的基础。其基本假设是说，参与到 social 中的群体越多，media 所反应出来的智慧越高超。但如何把群体活动转化为可被使用的智慧呢？这个就是算法发挥作用的地方了。
 本文将陆续披露 Reddit，Stumbleupon，Del.icio.us，Hacker News 等一系列站点所使用到的算法。
 Reddit，背景介绍可以参考我之前写的两篇短文：1）社会新闻网站：Reddit 和 Findory；2）Reddit 被收购了。 
  
 1、公式构成
 假设有一篇文章《Social Media Algorithm》，与其相关的有两个时间 A 和 B，其中，A 为某篇文章的具体发布时间，精确到秒；B 为一个固定的时间常量，2005-12-8 7:46:43。则可以计算得到 A 和 B 间隔的秒数 ts， 
  
 另外，U 表示 《Social Media Algorithm》一文得到的支持票数，D 表示得到的否定票数，则可以计算得到 x， 
  
 定义变量 y， 
  
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>毫无疑问，互联网媒体的未来是属于 social media 的。</p>
<p> 群体智慧，是 social media 的基础。其基本假设是说，参与到 social 中的群体越多，media 所反应出来的智慧越高超。但如何把群体活动转化为可被使用的智慧呢？这个就是算法发挥作用的地方了。</p>
<p> 本文将陆续披露 <a href="http://www.reddit.com/" title="Reddit">Reddit</a>，<a href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/" title="Stumbleupon">Stumbleupon</a>，<a href="http://delicious.com/" title="Del.icio.us">Del.icio.us</a>，<a href="http://news.ycombinator.com/" title="Hacker News">Hacker News</a> 等一系列站点所使用到的算法。</p>
<p> <b>Reddit</b>，背景介绍可以参考我之前写的两篇短文：1）<a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/reddit_findory.html" title="社会新闻网站：Reddit 和 Findory">社会新闻网站：Reddit 和 Findory</a>；2）<a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/reddit_acquied.html" title="Reddit 被收购了">Reddit 被收购了</a>。<br /> 
<div style="padding:1em 0pt;text-align:center"> <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/gwd/3142870789/" title="Reddit-Rank by guwendong, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3075/3142870789_66027cd733_o.png" alt="Reddit-Rank"></a> </div>
<p> <b>1、公式构成</b></p>
<p> 假设有一篇文章《<a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2008/social_media_algorithm_reddit.html" title="Social Media Algorithm">Social Media Algorithm</a>》，与其相关的有两个时间 A 和 B，其中，A 为某篇文章的具体发布时间，精确到秒；B 为一个固定的时间常量，2005-12-8 7:46:43。则可以计算得到 A 和 B 间隔的秒数 t<sub>s</sub>，<br /> 
<div style="padding:1em 0pt;text-align:center"> <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/gwd/3142870807/" title="reddit01 by guwendong, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3099/3142870807_6b74762561_o.png" alt="reddit01"></a> </div>
<p> 另外，U 表示 《<a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2008/social_media_algorithm_reddit.html" title="Social Media Algorithm">Social Media Algorithm</a>》一文得到的支持票数，D 表示得到的否定票数，则可以计算得到 x，<br /> 
<div style="padding:1em 0pt;text-align:center"> <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/gwd/3142870827/" title="reddit02 by guwendong, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3196/3142870827_95f959263e_o.png" alt="reddit02"></a> </div>
<p> 定义变量 y，<br /> 
<div style="padding:1em 0pt;text-align:center"> <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/gwd/3142870741/" title="reddit03 by guwendong, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3089/3142870741_bba3d6d901_o.png" alt="reddit03"></a> </div>
<p> 定义变量 z，<br /> 
<div style="padding:1em 0pt;text-align:center"> <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/gwd/3143699794/" title="reddit04 by guwendong, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3089/3143699794_4f81889401_o.png" alt="reddit04"></a> </div>
<p> 最后定义得分公式 为，<br /> 
<div style="padding:1em 0pt;text-align:center"> <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/gwd/3143699856/" title="reddit05 by guwendong, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3204/3143699856_4e39ae0b73_o.png" alt="reddit05"></a> </div>
<p> <b>2、公式解释</b></p>
<p> 1）时间点 B，2005-12-8 7:46:43，是一个固定的值，猜测应该是 Reddit 的上线时间。t<sub>s</sub> 反映了文章的新鲜程度。引入 B 是一个非常优雅的技巧，它使得新鲜度的度量可以独立于系统当前时间。<br /> 2）y 表示支持数和否定数之间的相对关系。被否定多的文章得负分，这是合乎常理的。<br /> 3）45000 代表的是一个 12.5 小时周期内的总秒数。它 与 yt<sub>s</sub> 一起使用，随着时间的推移，新文章的得分会逐渐超越高投票数的老文章，从而实现自动更新的效果。<br /> 4）log<sub>10</sub> 的使用是另外一个技巧，它可以使得早期的投票获得更大的权重。比如，前 10 票获得的权重，与 11 到 101 票所获得的权重是一样的。</p>
<p> 整个公式的效果可以简单解释为：在 00:00:00 发布的一个帖子 a，如果它想在 12.5 小时之后，能够取得与在 12:30:00 发布的帖子 b 同样的得分，则必须在 00:00:00 点到 12:30:00 这段时间内，把它的得票数扩大 10 倍。注：这个解释不精确，但容易理解一些，不然写着太绕。<br /> 不过，其中 45000 与 log<sub>10</sub> 的选择不是通用的，得根据自己网站实际的情况进行修正。这是一个 trial-and-error 的过程，也是作算法的人最头大的部分。</p>
<p> <b>3、来源</b><br /> <a href="http://code.reddit.com/" title="code.reddit.com">code.reddit.com</a>，<a href="http://redflavor.com/reddit.cf.algorithm.png" title="Redflavor.com">Redflavor.com</a> 以及 Hacker News 的用户 <a href="http://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=aneesh" title="Aneesh">Aneesh</a>。</p>
<hr id="rss-footer" />
<small>© guwendong for <a href="http://www.guwendong.com">Beyond Search</a>, 2008.<br/>
本文网址：<a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2008/social_media_algorithm_reddit.html">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2008/social_media_algorithm_reddit.html</a><br/>
tags: <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/tag/reddit" rel="tag">reddit</a>, <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/tag/social" rel="tag">social</a> | <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2008/social_media_algorithm_reddit.html#comments">参与讨论</a>
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		<slash:comments>6</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Reddit被收购了</title>
		<link>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/reddit_acquired.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/reddit_acquired.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Nov 2006 00:44:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>guwendong</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[三言两语]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[acquire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reddit]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/reddit_acquired.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[和大多数国外的轻量级创业公司一样，Reddit 被收购了。
今天早上还有另外一件事情，也是收购《Google has acquired JotSpot》。因为收购方是 Google，所以显得格外引人注目。但我倒是对这则消息《Condé Nast/Wired Acquires Reddit》更感兴趣。Reddit 被收购，这应该说早就是意料之中的事情，悬念只不过是“谁”会来收购 Reddit。现在答案已经很明确了。其实早在这之前，Condé Nast 旗下的另一个网站 Lipstick.com 就已经在使用 Reddit 的技术了，这个网站的模样也简直就是 Reddit 的翻版。现在看来，这应该是 Condé Nast 收购之前，对 Reddit 团队进行的一次技术实力考验。
看 TechCrunch 文章后面的评论，大家现在都在猜测 Reddit 的身价。提到钱的事情，看来全世界人民都一样，充满热情。Reddit 团队反而对此闭口不谈。其实，不论最后的确切数字是多少，YCombinator 和 Reddit 团队自然都是有得赚的。要知道，Reddit 团队以最初8.8万美元的种子投资，做到现在足以和 Digg 抗衡，已经充分证明了他们非凡的实力了。
在国外，被大公司收购，其实正是诸多轻量级创业公司的初衷。他们往往具备非凡的技术力量和吸引人的点子，通过自己的努力，或者小额的天使投资，来度过公司的萌芽阶段。在确立了一定的市场地位之后，就会像 Reddit 这样，迅速投靠一个大公司来寻求更好的发展。大公司可以提供更好的资源，更棒的合作人员，和更加广阔的平台。毕竟，想要成长为Google或者Yahoo这样的巨人，对绝大多数创业公司来说，绝对是一种奢望。我个人认为，这样的发展路线屡试不爽，正是国外技术创业公司不断涌现的源动力之一。
最近，在国内，千橡收购了校内网。从 Stanford 回来的陈一舟做了一件非常美国化的事情。希望能有更多的国内互联网巨头采用这样的方式，而不是仗着财大气粗，粗暴地欺负业内的小兄弟。都说国内的互联网浮躁，大家都在忽悠概念。这是业界的大环境使然，还是创业公司自己就不尊重技术呢？

© guwendong for Beyond Search, 2006.
本文网址：http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/reddit_acquired.html
tags: acquire, reddit &#124; 参与讨论
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>和大多数国外的轻量级创业公司一样，<a href="http://www.reddit.com/">Reddit</a> 被收购了。</p>
<p>今天早上还有另外一件事情，也是收购《<a href="http://www.jot.com/">Google has acquired JotSpot</a>》。因为收购方是 Google，所以显得格外引人注目。但我倒是对这则消息《<a href="http://www.techcrunch.com/2006/10/31/breaking-news-conde-nastwired-acquires-reddit/">Condé Nast/Wired Acquires Reddit</a>》更感兴趣。Reddit 被收购，这应该说早就是意料之中的事情，悬念只不过是“谁”会来收购 Reddit。现在答案已经很明确了。其实早在这之前，<a href="http://www.condenast.com/">Condé Nast</a> 旗下的另一个网站 <a href="http://www.lipstick.com/">Lipstick.com</a> 就已经在使用 Reddit 的技术了，这个网站的模样也简直就是 Reddit 的翻版。现在看来，这应该是 <a href="http://www.condenast.com/">Condé Nast</a> 收购之前，对 Reddit 团队进行的一次技术实力考验。</p>
<p>看 <a href="http://www.techcrunch.com/2006/10/31/breaking-news-conde-nastwired-acquires-reddit/">TechCrunch</a> 文章后面的评论，大家现在都在猜测 Reddit 的身价。提到钱的事情，看来全世界人民都一样，充满热情。Reddit 团队反而对此闭口不谈。其实，不论最后的确切数字是多少，<a href="http://www.ycombinator.com/">YCombinator</a> 和 Reddit 团队自然都是有得赚的。要知道，Reddit 团队以最初8.8万美元的种子投资，做到现在足以和 <a href="http://www.digg.com/">Digg</a> 抗衡，已经充分证明了他们非凡的实力了。</p>
<p>在国外，被大公司收购，其实正是诸多轻量级创业公司的初衷。他们往往具备非凡的技术力量和吸引人的点子，通过自己的努力，或者小额的天使投资，来度过公司的萌芽阶段。在确立了一定的市场地位之后，就会像 Reddit 这样，迅速投靠一个大公司来寻求更好的发展。大公司可以提供更好的资源，更棒的合作人员，和更加广阔的平台。毕竟，想要成长为Google或者Yahoo这样的巨人，对绝大多数创业公司来说，绝对是一种奢望。我个人认为，这样的发展路线屡试不爽，正是国外技术创业公司不断涌现的源动力之一。</p>
<p>最近，在国内，<a href="http://www.donews.com/Content/200610/c10cb93e40154c07afec37e0e6c4ef1e.shtm">千橡收购了校内网</a>。从 Stanford 回来的陈一舟做了一件非常美国化的事情。希望能有更多的国内互联网巨头采用这样的方式，而不是仗着财大气粗，粗暴地欺负业内的小兄弟。都说国内的互联网浮躁，大家都在忽悠概念。这是业界的大环境使然，还是创业公司自己就不尊重技术呢？</p>
<hr id="rss-footer" />
<small>© guwendong for <a href="http://www.guwendong.com">Beyond Search</a>, 2006.<br/>
本文网址：<a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/reddit_acquired.html">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/reddit_acquired.html</a><br/>
tags: <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/tag/acquire" rel="tag">acquire</a>, <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/tag/reddit" rel="tag">reddit</a> | <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/reddit_acquired.html#comments">参与讨论</a>
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		<title>社会新闻网站：Reddit和Findory</title>
		<link>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/reddit_findory.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/reddit_findory.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 22 Oct 2006 10:57:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>guwendong</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[推荐系统]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[findory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reddit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[resysapps]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/reddit_findory.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[今天，看了一下《Personalied Content 国外市场纵览》里面提到的几个网站，给我印象比较深的是Reddit.com和Findory.com。
Reddit的UI设计，是典型的外国式的Web2.0网站的界面形式：简洁的页面，极少的图片，快速的打开。我个人非常喜欢这样的UI设计，国内的douban也 是这样的UI。他和douban还有另外一个很像的地方，都是使用Python开发，都在持续release新的features。Reddit最开始使 用Lisp语言开发，后来转而使用Python。这还在Reddit和Lisp社区内引起不少的争议。有人就发起号召：“用Lisp写一个更好的Reddit！”。
Reddit由一个四个人的团队维 护，2个维吉尼亚的，一个harvard的，1个Stanford中途退学的（看来传说中退学的高人又要多一个了）。乍一看，Reddit和digg很 像，但不同的是，他们采用的应该是完全不同的算法。digg使用的是聚类的方法，他的用户分成group，然后计算group内用户对文章赋予的digg 值，把最popular的内容放到该group的顶端。digg其实有一个根本的问题：按照digg数得到的popular列表，并不一定是你感兴趣的， 除非你的兴趣和整个group用户的兴趣一致。Reddit不一样，他的目标是实现personalized。我个人初步使用了一下Reddit，发现其实还是存在一些不足的。而且，网上也有其他人在抱怨，Reddit的推荐不准确。但我必须说，personalized涉及的算法是比较复杂的，想要一下子达到一个好的效果是非常困难的。据猜测，Reddit使用的是“基于内容的推荐”。通过从文章内抽取关键字，得到和这些关键字相关的推荐。从Reddit团队的blog中可以看到，他们非常谦虚，而且还在持续进行改进。
Findory给我的感觉要比Reddit好！据说他是历史最悠久的个性化内容服务站点。他对用户的隐私保护，给我留下相当深刻的印象。你可以不进行任何 的注册，就可以享受到具有一定personalized程度的内容。当你在Findory中点击自己喜欢的文章的时候，Findory就会在后台学习你的 阅读习惯，之后，Findory就会把他计算出来的推荐结果呈献给你。你阅读的文章越多，Findory对你的阅读习惯的学习越全面，就可能为你推荐越准 确的内容。Findory的创办人Greg Linden，是Personalized content方面的资深评论人，并且是Amazon商品推荐引擎与个性化界面的主导开发者。Findory系出名家之手，因此推荐效果自然不一搬。
我把我的RSS提交到Findory的“Favorites”里面，在首页中马上就可以看到带有“”图标的推荐内容，而且我看来还比较准确！暂时不能肯定Findory采用的是哪种算法。但通过他的技术说明，我猜可能使用的是“协同过滤推荐”，或者是“协同过滤与基于内容相结合的推荐”。据说，Findory已经实现正向现金流。
附：在《推荐系统：主要推荐方法》一问中，对“基于内容的推荐”和“协同过滤推荐”有简要的介绍。

© guwendong for Beyond Search, 2006.
本文网址：http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/reddit_findory.html
tags: findory, reddit, resysapps &#124; 参与讨论
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>今天，看了一下《<a href="http://hi.baidu.com/wdgu/blog/item/f5b314cedc38e939b700c821.html">Personalied Content 国外市场纵览</a>》里面提到的几个网站，给我印象比较深的是<a href="http://reddit.com/">Reddit.com</a>和<a href="http://findory.com/">Findory.com</a>。</p>
<p>Reddit的UI设计，是典型的外国式的Web2.0网站的界面形式：简洁的页面，极少的图片，快速的打开。我个人非常喜欢这样的UI设计，国内的<a href="http://douban.com/">douban</a>也 是这样的UI。他和douban还有另外一个很像的地方，都是使用Python开发，都在持续release新的features。Reddit最开始使 用Lisp语言开发，后来转而使用Python。这还在Reddit和Lisp社区内引起不少的争议。有人就发起号召：“<a href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/browse_frm/thread/f560fdfb211aa8cb/c0159fbbc6496def">用Lisp写一个更好的Reddit！</a>”。</p>
<p>Reddit由一个<a href="http://reddit.com/help/team_reddit">四个人的团队</a>维 护，2个维吉尼亚的，一个harvard的，1个Stanford中途退学的（看来传说中退学的高人又要多一个了）。乍一看，Reddit和digg很 像，但不同的是，他们采用的应该是完全不同的算法。digg使用的是聚类的方法，他的用户分成group，然后计算group内用户对文章赋予的digg 值，把最popular的内容放到该group的顶端。digg其实有一个根本的问题：按照digg数得到的popular列表，并不一定是你感兴趣的， 除非你的兴趣和整个group用户的兴趣一致。Reddit不一样，他的<a href="http://reddit.com/help/">目标</a>是实现personalized。我个人初步使用了一下Reddit，发现其实还是存在一些不足的。而且，网上也有其他人在<a href="http://www.dharmesh.com/Blog/tabid/841/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/539/Default.aspx">抱怨</a>，Reddit的推荐不准确。但我必须说，personalized涉及的算法是比较复杂的，想要一下子达到一个好的效果是非常困难的。据猜测，Reddit使用的是“基于内容的推荐”。通过从文章内抽取关键字，得到和这些关键字相关的推荐。从<a href="http://reddit.com/blog/">Reddit团队的blog</a>中可以看到，他们非常谦虚，而且还在持续进行改进。</p>
<p>Findory给我的感觉要比Reddit好！据说他是历史最悠久的个性化内容服务站点。他对用户的隐私保护，给我留下相当深刻的印象。你可以不进行任何 的注册，就可以享受到具有一定personalized程度的内容。当你在Findory中点击自己喜欢的文章的时候，Findory就会在后台学习你的 阅读习惯，之后，Findory就会把他计算出来的推荐结果呈献给你。你阅读的文章越多，Findory对你的阅读习惯的学习越全面，就可能为你推荐越准 确的内容。Findory的创办人Greg Linden，是Personalized content方面的资深评论人，并且是Amazon商品推荐引擎与个性化界面的主导开发者。Findory系出名家之手，因此推荐效果自然不一搬。</p>
<p>我把我的RSS提交到Findory的“Favorites”里面，在首页中马上就可以看到带有“<a href="http://findory.com/i/personalized-icon.gif"><img border="0" src="http://findory.com/i/personalized-icon.gif"></a>”图标的推荐内容，而且我看来还比较准确！暂时不能肯定Findory采用的是哪种算法。但通过他的<a href="http://findory.com/help/personalization">技术说明</a>，我猜可能使用的是“协同过滤推荐”，或者是“协同过滤与基于内容相结合的推荐”。据说，Findory已经实现正向现金流。</p>
<p><em>附：在《<a href="http://hi.baidu.com/wdgu/blog/item/76c9f703e9c190773912bbc2.html">推荐系统：主要推荐方法</a>》一问中，对“基于内容的推荐”和“协同过滤推荐”有简要的介绍。</em></p>
<hr id="rss-footer" />
<small>© guwendong for <a href="http://www.guwendong.com">Beyond Search</a>, 2006.<br/>
本文网址：<a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/reddit_findory.html">http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/reddit_findory.html</a><br/>
tags: <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/tag/findory" rel="tag">findory</a>, <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/tag/reddit" rel="tag">reddit</a>, <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/tag/resysapps" rel="tag">resysapps</a> | <a href="http://www.guwendong.com/post/2006/reddit_findory.html#comments">参与讨论</a>
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